{"methodology_version":"rag-chunks/v1","corpus_snapshot":"2026-06-14","total":94,"limit":50,"cursor":0,"next_cursor":50,"chunk_count":50,"chunks":[{"chunk_id":"source:bea-regional#limitations","dataset_id":"bea-regional","title":"BEA Regional Economic Accounts","section":"limitations","text":"BEA Regional Economic Accounts (BEA Regional) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: BEA Regional measures market-level economic flows. It does not score providers, rank facilities, or imply quality.\n\nLimitations:\n- BEA data is published with a quarterly lag; state-level personal-income figures are not real-time.\n- Healthcare-services GDP is a sector-level number, not a per-provider measurement.\n- Tier-1 — never rendered on individual provider profiles.","cite":"BEA Regional Economic Accounts (BEA Regional), U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/bea-regional. Upstream: https://www.bea.gov/data/economic-accounts/regional.","source_url":"https://www.bea.gov/data/economic-accounts/regional","token_estimate":118,"provenance":{"_source":"BEA Regional Economic Accounts","_source_url":"https://www.bea.gov/data/economic-accounts/regional","_dataset_id":"bea-regional","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"1929-01-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:bea-regional#overview","dataset_id":"bea-regional","title":"BEA Regional Economic Accounts","section":"overview","text":"BEA Regional Economic Accounts (BEA Regional) — U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.\n\nBEA Regional Economic Accounts publish state and metropolitan-area income, GDP, and personal-consumption data. The canonical source for regional economic context.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Tier-1 research-only context for /research pages that discuss regional spending, healthcare-services GDP, or per-capita income. BEA data appears in study commentary — it does NOT attach to individual provider profiles.\n\nTier: Tier 1 (research-only). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Quarterly + annual revisions. License: U.S. government public-domain data. Free to use with attribution.","cite":"BEA Regional Economic Accounts (BEA Regional), U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/bea-regional. Upstream: https://www.bea.gov/data/economic-accounts/regional.","source_url":"https://www.bea.gov/data/economic-accounts/regional","token_estimate":166,"provenance":{"_source":"BEA Regional Economic Accounts","_source_url":"https://www.bea.gov/data/economic-accounts/regional","_dataset_id":"bea-regional","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"1929-01-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:bls-oews#limitations","dataset_id":"bls-oews","title":"BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics (OEWS)","section":"limitations","text":"BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics (OEWS) (BLS OEWS) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: OEWS measures markets, not individuals. A state-level mean wage is a market signal; it is not a quality measurement, an income claim about any specific provider, or a recommendation.\n\nLimitations:\n- OEWS is a survey-based estimate. Confidence intervals exist; the mean is not a precise number for every county.\n- Wage estimates are gross of self-employed contractors in many SOC codes; medians may shift on full revisions.\n- Tier-1 — never rendered on individual provider profiles.","cite":"BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics (OEWS) (BLS OEWS), U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/bls-oews. Upstream: https://www.bls.gov/oes/.","source_url":"https://www.bls.gov/oes/","token_estimate":149,"provenance":{"_source":"BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics (OEWS)","_source_url":"https://www.bls.gov/oes/","_dataset_id":"bls-oews","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"1988-01-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:bls-oews#overview","dataset_id":"bls-oews","title":"BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics (OEWS)","section":"overview","text":"BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics (OEWS) (BLS OEWS) — U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.\n\nBLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics (OEWS, formerly OES) publishes employment levels and wage estimates for ~830 occupations across U.S. states and metropolitan areas. The canonical source for occupational wage benchmarking.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Tier-1 research-only context for /research pages that discuss workforce supply, wage benchmarks, or per-capita density. OEWS data appears in study commentary and methodology footnotes — it does NOT attach to individual provider profiles.\n\nTier: Tier 1 (research-only). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Annual — BLS publishes OEWS once per year, typically late spring. License: U.S. government public-domain data. Free to use with attribution.","cite":"BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics (OEWS) (BLS OEWS), U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/bls-oews. Upstream: https://www.bls.gov/oes/.","source_url":"https://www.bls.gov/oes/","token_estimate":202,"provenance":{"_source":"BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics (OEWS)","_source_url":"https://www.bls.gov/oes/","_dataset_id":"bls-oews","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"1988-01-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:census-state-pop#limitations","dataset_id":"census-state-pop","title":"U.S. Census Bureau — State Population Estimates (2024 vintage)","section":"limitations","text":"U.S. Census Bureau — State Population Estimates (2024 vintage) (US Census) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: Census state populations are demographic counts, not a measurement of healthcare access or service quality. A state with 1.75 dermatologists per 100k is not categorically 'better' than one with 0.40; the per-capita figure is a supply signal, not a quality signal.\n\nLimitations:\n- Population vintage matters; 2024 estimates are mid-year point-in-time projections from the 2020 decennial.\n- Sub-state geographies (county / city) require Census Bureau Population Estimates Program separately.\n- Tier-1 — never rendered on individual provider profiles.","cite":"U.S. Census Bureau — State Population Estimates (2024 vintage) (US Census), U.S. Census Bureau. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/census-state-pop. Upstream: https://www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-state-total.html.","source_url":"https://www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-state-total.html","token_estimate":169,"provenance":{"_source":"U.S. Census Bureau — State Population Estimates (2024 vintage)","_source_url":"https://www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-state-total.html","_dataset_id":"census-state-pop","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:census-state-pop#overview","dataset_id":"census-state-pop","title":"U.S. Census Bureau — State Population Estimates (2024 vintage)","section":"overview","text":"U.S. Census Bureau — State Population Estimates (2024 vintage) (US Census) — U.S. Census Bureau.\n\nU.S. Census Bureau state population estimates (2024 vintage) are the canonical denominator for per-capita statistics across federal data. Used as the reference population for per-100k provider density calculations in our research.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Per-capita denominators in research studies (e.g. 'X dermatologists per 100,000 residents'). Tier-1 — appears in study tables and methodology, never on individual provider profiles.\n\nTier: Tier 1 (research-only). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Annual — Census publishes state-population estimates each year for the most recent vintage. License: U.S. government public-domain data. Free to use with attribution.","cite":"U.S. Census Bureau — State Population Estimates (2024 vintage) (US Census), U.S. Census Bureau. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/census-state-pop. Upstream: https://www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-state-total.html.","source_url":"https://www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-state-total.html","token_estimate":193,"provenance":{"_source":"U.S. Census Bureau — State Population Estimates (2024 vintage)","_source_url":"https://www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-state-total.html","_dataset_id":"census-state-pop","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:clinicaltrials-gov-studies#limitations","dataset_id":"clinicaltrials-gov-studies","title":"ClinicalTrials.gov Studies","section":"limitations","text":"ClinicalTrials.gov Studies (ClinicalTrials.gov) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: A ClinicalTrials.gov record describes a registered study — it does not measure provider quality, outcomes, or endorsement, and a named investigator is not a Fonteum-asserted identity match to any specific provider profile. Registration does not imply a result, an approval, or a Fonteum assessment.\n\nLimitations:\n- Tier-1 — aggregate research context only; never rendered on individual provider profiles.\n- Name-keyed: investigators and sponsors are recorded by name / affiliation. There is no NPI in the source.\n- NPI / entity-graph linkage is deferred; ambiguous name matches are held, not written.\n- Registration is self-reported by sponsors and may lag or omit results.","cite":"ClinicalTrials.gov Studies (ClinicalTrials.gov), U.S. National Library of Medicine (ClinicalTrials.gov). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/clinicaltrials-gov-studies. Upstream: https://clinicaltrials.gov.","source_url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov","token_estimate":193,"provenance":{"_source":"ClinicalTrials.gov Studies","_source_url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov","_dataset_id":"clinicaltrials-gov-studies","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"2000-02-29","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:clinicaltrials-gov-studies#overview","dataset_id":"clinicaltrials-gov-studies","title":"ClinicalTrials.gov Studies","section":"overview","text":"ClinicalTrials.gov Studies (ClinicalTrials.gov) — U.S. National Library of Medicine (ClinicalTrials.gov).\n\nClinicalTrials.gov is the U.S. National Library of Medicine's registry of interventional and observational clinical studies. It records sponsors, principal investigators (overall officials), conditions, interventions, and study status. As of the 2026-06-14 snapshot, Fonteum holds 555,500 registered studies.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Tier-1 research-only context for studies on research activity and key-opinion-leader networks. Fonteum surfaces study title, status, conditions, sponsor, and overall officials at the aggregate level. Records are name-keyed (PIs and sponsors by name / affiliation); there is no NPI in the source, and NPI / entity-graph linkage is deferred — ambiguous matches are held.\n\nTier: Tier 1 (research-only). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Monthly — pulled from the ClinicalTrials.gov Data API v2; Fonteum re-pulls on snapshot publication. License: Courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Public-domain federal data; free to use with attribution.","cite":"ClinicalTrials.gov Studies (ClinicalTrials.gov), U.S. National Library of Medicine (ClinicalTrials.gov). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/clinicaltrials-gov-studies. Upstream: https://clinicaltrials.gov.","source_url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov","token_estimate":274,"provenance":{"_source":"ClinicalTrials.gov Studies","_source_url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov","_dataset_id":"clinicaltrials-gov-studies","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"2000-02-29","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare","title":"CMS Care Compare","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Care Compare (CMS Care Compare) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: CMS ratings are published by CMS and reflect the measure definitions in the source dataset. Fonteum does not independently rate, inspect, score, endorse, or guarantee any provider.\n\nLimitations:\n- Each Care Compare cluster has its own measure-set; the overall rating is not directly comparable across clusters.\n- Hospice has no CMS overall star rating today; the Hospice General Information dataset publishes provider availability + ownership only.\n- State-level aggregates (mean rating, share-of-stars) NEVER attach to individual facility profiles. They render on /research only.\n- Special Focus Facility status, fines / payment denials, abuse-icon flags, and individual quality measures are write-locked pending operator copy review — captured to provenance but not surfaced.\n- Refresh cadence is conservative (90 days) versus CMS's monthly publish; profiles may lag by 1-2 monthly snapshots.","cite":"CMS Care Compare (CMS Care Compare), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/","token_estimate":246,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare#overview","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare","title":"CMS Care Compare","section":"overview","text":"CMS Care Compare (CMS Care Compare) — U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\n\nCMS Care Compare publishes facility-quality data via the Provider Data Catalog (data.cms.gov/provider-data/). Four cluster families share the CMS Certification Number (CCN) as canonical identifier: Nursing Home Compare, Home Health Compare, Hospice Compare, and Dialysis Facility Compare.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Today: four published research snapshots — nursing homes, home health, dialysis, hospice — plus the source pack staged for future Tier-2 facility pilots. CMS overall star ratings and component sub-ratings render only when a facility-level vertical launches; until then the data is research-only.\n\nTier: Tier 2 (profile enrichment). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Quarterly across most datasets; some monthly. Fonteum re-pulls on a 90-day cadence. License: U.S. government public-domain works. Attribution required: 'Source: CMS Care Compare · Last checked {date}'.","cite":"CMS Care Compare (CMS Care Compare), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/","token_estimate":243,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare-asc#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-asc","title":"CMS Care Compare — ASC Quality Measures (Facility)","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Care Compare — ASC Quality Measures (Facility) (CMS Care Compare — ASC) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: ASCs do NOT have a CMS-published overall star rating (unlike NH / HH / Dialysis). Quality is per-measure (ASC-1 through ASC-12); Fonteum does not manufacture composite scores. Suppression for <25 cases applies.\n\nLimitations:\n- Suppression for <25 cases — render `<DataAvailabilityState>` with explicit reason.\n- SDOH measure newly required from 2025 reporting period — limited baseline comparison data for the first 2 years.\n- No CMS-published overall star rating; quality is per-measure.\n- `facility_id` is the source field name for CCN — ingestion normalizes to `ccn` for downstream consistency.\n- Multi-year rows in source dataset; ingestion filters to most recent year and dedupes.\n- Non-state jurisdictions present (PR, GU, VI, MP, AS).","cite":"CMS Care Compare — ASC Quality Measures (Facility) (CMS Care Compare — ASC), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare-asc. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/4jcv-atw7.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/4jcv-atw7","token_estimate":217,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare — ASC Quality Measures (Facility)","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/4jcv-atw7","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-asc","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"2008-12-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare-asc#overview","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-asc","title":"CMS Care Compare — ASC Quality Measures (Facility)","section":"overview","text":"CMS Care Compare — ASC Quality Measures (Facility) (CMS Care Compare — ASC) — U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\n\nPer-facility ASC quality measures (ASC-1 through ASC-12) submitted via the ASC Quality Reporting Program for ~5,611 Medicare-certified ambulatory surgical centers. Identity + NPI + state + per-measure rates and footnotes. **NPI IS PRESENT** (100% coverage) — the only Care Compare dataset that publishes NPI directly on the agency-level table.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Identity backbone for ASC CCNs (POS QIES coverage incomplete). Deterministic NPI bridge (no NPPES fuzzy match needed) — match-confidence improvement vs other Care Compare datasets. Drives the brand-hub `/care-compare/asc` module. ASC-12 (7-day risk-standardized hospital visit rate) is the headline quality measure.\n\nTier: Tier 2 (profile enrichment). Status: live. Refresh cadence: Annually by reporting year. Multi-year rows in the dataset; ingestion filters to the most recent year (2024 in the current snapshot). License: U.S. government public-domain works (17 U.S.C. § 105). Attribution required: 'Source: CMS Care Compare · ASC Quality Measures - Facility (4jcv-atw7) · Reporting Year {YYYY} · Snapshot {YYYY-MM-DD}'.","cite":"CMS Care Compare — ASC Quality Measures (Facility) (CMS Care Compare — ASC), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare-asc. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/4jcv-atw7.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/4jcv-atw7","token_estimate":305,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare — ASC Quality Measures (Facility)","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/4jcv-atw7","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-asc","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"2008-12-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare-dialysis#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-dialysis","title":"CMS Care Compare — Dialysis Facility","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Care Compare — Dialysis Facility (CMS Care Compare — Dialysis) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: Star rating reflects the CMS-published 5-star dialysis rating; Fonteum does not independently rate, score, or rank facilities. Suppression for <11 patients in the measure period applies.\n\nLimitations:\n- Suppression for <11 patients in measure period — render `<DataAvailabilityState>` with explicit reason rather than implying low quality.\n- ICH CAHPS (patient-experience scores) live in a separate twice-annual dataset; deferred to a follow-on wave.\n- 5-star rating is CMS-published; Fonteum does not independently score.\n- Chain ownership is unusually concentrated (~90%); flag explicitly as journalism material.\n- Non-state jurisdictions present (PR, GU, VI, MP, AS).","cite":"CMS Care Compare — Dialysis Facility (CMS Care Compare — Dialysis), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare-dialysis. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/23ew-n7w9.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/23ew-n7w9","token_estimate":197,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare — Dialysis Facility","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/23ew-n7w9","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-dialysis","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"2008-12-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare-dialysis#overview","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-dialysis","title":"CMS Care Compare — Dialysis Facility","section":"overview","text":"CMS Care Compare — Dialysis Facility (CMS Care Compare — Dialysis) — U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\n\nAgency-level identity + 5-star quality rating + ownership + chain affiliation + service offerings (in-center hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, home hemodialysis training) for ~7,557 Medicare-certified ESRD facilities. Underlying signal includes ESRD QIP measures and ICH CAHPS.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Identity backbone for ESRD facilities (POS QIES doesn't cover dialysis). Drives the brand-hub `/care-compare/dialysis` module. Chain-ownership concentration (~90% chain-owned) is relevant journalism material.\n\nTier: Tier 2 (profile enrichment). Status: live. Refresh cadence: Quarterly (facility 5-star rating); ICH CAHPS twice-annually in the companion dataset (deferred to a follow-on wave). License: U.S. government public-domain works (17 U.S.C. § 105). Attribution required: 'Source: CMS Care Compare · Dialysis Facility (23ew-n7w9) · Snapshot {YYYY-MM-DD}'.","cite":"CMS Care Compare — Dialysis Facility (CMS Care Compare — Dialysis), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare-dialysis. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/23ew-n7w9.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/23ew-n7w9","token_estimate":246,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare — Dialysis Facility","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/23ew-n7w9","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-dialysis","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"2008-12-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare-hh#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-hh","title":"CMS Care Compare — Home Health Care Agencies","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Care Compare — Home Health Care Agencies (CMS Care Compare — HH) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: This is not a directory of individual home-health workers — agencies, not aides. Star rating reflects the CMS-published Quality of Patient Care measure; Fonteum does not independently rate, score, or rank agencies.\n\nLimitations:\n- CAHPS-style patient experience scores live in the separate HHCAHPS datasets (ccn4-8vby etc.); this snapshot does not include them. Suppression for <40 surveys still applies on those datasets per CMS methodology.\n- Newly certified agencies have no Quality of Patient Care rating; render `<DataAvailabilityState>` with the explicit reason rather than implying low quality.\n- Claims-based measures inherent ~12-month lag.\n- Non-Medicare HHAs are excluded by definition.","cite":"CMS Care Compare — Home Health Care Agencies (CMS Care Compare — HH), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare-hh. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/6jpm-sxkc.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/6jpm-sxkc","token_estimate":205,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare — Home Health Care Agencies","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/6jpm-sxkc","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-hh","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"2008-12-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare-hh#overview","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-hh","title":"CMS Care Compare — Home Health Care Agencies","section":"overview","text":"CMS Care Compare — Home Health Care Agencies (CMS Care Compare — HH) — U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\n\nThe agency-level wide table for ~12,400 Medicare-certified Home Health Agencies. Identity (CCN, name, address, ownership) plus headline 'Quality of Patient Care' star rating per agency. Quality-of-patient-care star ratings are computed by CMS from OASIS-derived process and outcome measures. NPI is not in this dataset; the cross-source join engine bridges via NPPES Type 2 fuzzy match.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Identity backbone for Home Health Agencies (POS QIES does not cover HH). Drives the brand-hub `/care-compare/home-health` module. State-level rollups and per-agency pages ship in a follow-on wave.\n\nTier: Tier 1 (research-only). Status: live. Refresh cadence: Quarterly. Underlying signal from OASIS v3.0 + Medicare FFS claims (~12-month claims lag). License: U.S. government public-domain works (17 U.S.C. § 105). Attribution required: 'Source: CMS Care Compare · Home Health Care Agencies (6jpm-sxkc) · Snapshot {YYYY-MM-DD}'.","cite":"CMS Care Compare — Home Health Care Agencies (CMS Care Compare — HH), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare-hh. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/6jpm-sxkc.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/6jpm-sxkc","token_estimate":265,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare — Home Health Care Agencies","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/6jpm-sxkc","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-hh","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"2008-12-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare-hospice#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-hospice","title":"CMS Care Compare — Hospice General Information","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Care Compare — Hospice General Information (CMS Care Compare — Hospice) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: This is not a directory of individual hospice clinicians — agencies, not staff. The dataset carries no star rating today; quality measures live in the separate Provider Data dataset and require pivoting from long-format rows.\n\nLimitations:\n- No star rating in this dataset — quality measures live in the separate Provider Data dataset (252m-zfp9) and are deferred to a follow-on wave.\n- May 2026 → February 2028 'Training Family to Care for Patient' CAHPS measure removed from public reporting per the CMS Hospice QRP announcement. Brand-hub module flags this gap explicitly.\n- For-profit share figure: PDC General Information returns 69% by agency count (4,790/6,943). The Alliance for Care at Home Facts and Figures 2025 cites 84%, which is plausibly a patient-volume share; Fonteum cites both with attribution.\n- Non-state jurisdictions present (PR, GU, VI, MP, AS) — flag explicitly.","cite":"CMS Care Compare — Hospice General Information (CMS Care Compare — Hospice), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare-hospice. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/yc9t-dgbk.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/yc9t-dgbk","token_estimate":254,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare — Hospice General Information","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/yc9t-dgbk","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-hospice","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"2008-12-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare-hospice#overview","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-hospice","title":"CMS Care Compare — Hospice General Information","section":"overview","text":"CMS Care Compare — Hospice General Information (CMS Care Compare — Hospice) — U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\n\nAgency-level identity + ownership table for ~6,943 Medicare-certified hospices (current 2026-05-07 snapshot). Identity (CCN, name, address, region) plus ownership type. The companion long-format Hospice Provider Data dataset (252m-zfp9) carries CAHPS Hospice Survey scores + process measures and is deferred to a follow-on wave.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Enrichment for hospice identity (POS QIES already covers hospices as PRVDR_CTGRY_CD=12; Care Compare adds ownership_type and cms_region). Drives the brand-hub `/care-compare/hospice` module. The May 2026 Training-Family-to-Care measure removal is documented in the methodology; quality-measure ingestion is a follow-on wave.\n\nTier: Tier 1 (research-only). Status: live. Refresh cadence: Quarterly aligned to the Hospice QRP cycle. License: U.S. government public-domain works (17 U.S.C. § 105). Attribution required: 'Source: CMS Care Compare · Hospice General Information (yc9t-dgbk) · Snapshot {YYYY-MM-DD}'.","cite":"CMS Care Compare — Hospice General Information (CMS Care Compare — Hospice), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare-hospice. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/yc9t-dgbk.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/yc9t-dgbk","token_estimate":273,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare — Hospice General Information","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/yc9t-dgbk","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-hospice","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"2008-12-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare-hospitals#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-hospitals","title":"CMS Care Compare — Hospital General Information (data-only)","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Care Compare — Hospital General Information (data-only) (CMS Care Compare — Hospitals) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: This is not a hospital directory page — hospitals are intentionally excluded from dedicated brand-hub pages. Star rating reflects CMS publication; Fonteum does not independently rate.\n\nLimitations:\n- Data-only treatment; not surfaced on a brand-hub page.\n- Hybrid Hospital-Wide Mortality measure new July 2025 — limited baseline trend.\n- 5,426 < 13,540 POS hospital rows — Care Compare Hospitals is a SUBSET; POS owns identity.\n- 47% unrated for Hospital Overall Rating in current snapshot.","cite":"CMS Care Compare — Hospital General Information (data-only) (CMS Care Compare — Hospitals), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare-hospitals. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/xubh-q36u.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/xubh-q36u","token_estimate":158,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare — Hospital General Information (data-only)","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/xubh-q36u","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-hospitals","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare-hospitals#overview","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-hospitals","title":"CMS Care Compare — Hospital General Information (data-only)","section":"overview","text":"CMS Care Compare — Hospital General Information (data-only) (CMS Care Compare — Hospitals) — U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\n\nData-only treatment: identity + hospital_type + ownership + Hospital Overall Rating for 5,426 Medicare-certified hospitals. NO dedicated brand-hub page; surfaced via audit-pack export + cross-source resolver only. POS QIES is the canonical identity backbone for hospitals (PRVDR_CTGRY_CD=01); Care Compare Hospital General Information ENRICHES POS-anchored CCNs.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Audit-pack export continuum-completeness + cross-source resolver enrichment for hospital CCNs. Buyer pitch leverage rather than consumer SEO surface.\n\nTier: Tier 1 (research-only). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Annual cycle aligned to FY rule changes; Hybrid HWM measure new July 2025. License: U.S. government public-domain works (17 U.S.C. § 105). Attribution: 'Source: CMS Care Compare · Hospital General Information (xubh-q36u) · Snapshot {YYYY-MM-DD}'.","cite":"CMS Care Compare — Hospital General Information (data-only) (CMS Care Compare — Hospitals), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare-hospitals. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/xubh-q36u.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/xubh-q36u","token_estimate":249,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare — Hospital General Information (data-only)","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/xubh-q36u","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-hospitals","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare-irf#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-irf","title":"CMS Care Compare — IRF General Information (data-only)","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Care Compare — IRF General Information (data-only) (CMS Care Compare — IRF) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: Not a directory page. IRF QRP measure overlap with hospital measures requires careful join-key handling.\n\nLimitations:\n- Data-only treatment; not surfaced on a brand-hub page.\n- IRF CCN distinct from acute hospital CCN even for hospital-based IRFs.\n- IRF QRP quality measures deferred (companion datasets v9e4-nwhh + ka5z-ibe3).","cite":"CMS Care Compare — IRF General Information (data-only) (CMS Care Compare — IRF), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare-irf. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/7t8x-u3ir.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/7t8x-u3ir","token_estimate":115,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare — IRF General Information (data-only)","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/7t8x-u3ir","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-irf","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare-irf#overview","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-irf","title":"CMS Care Compare — IRF General Information (data-only)","section":"overview","text":"CMS Care Compare — IRF General Information (data-only) (CMS Care Compare — IRF) — U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\n\nData-only treatment: identity + ownership + certification_date for 1,221 Medicare-certified Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities (close to the ~1,200 estimated nationally). IRF CCN is distinct from acute hospital CCN even when the IRF operates inside a hospital. Care Compare IRF IS the identity backbone (POS QIES PRVDR_CTGRY_CD=22 absent). Quality measures in companion datasets v9e4-nwhh + ka5z-ibe3 — deferred.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Audit-pack export continuum-completeness; IRF CCN distinction is doctrinally relevant for cross-source joins.\n\nTier: Tier 1 (research-only). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Quarterly aligned to IRF QRP cycle. License: U.S. government public-domain works (17 U.S.C. § 105). Attribution: 'Source: CMS Care Compare · IRF General Information (7t8x-u3ir) · Snapshot {YYYY-MM-DD}'.","cite":"CMS Care Compare — IRF General Information (data-only) (CMS Care Compare — IRF), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare-irf. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/7t8x-u3ir.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/7t8x-u3ir","token_estimate":238,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare — IRF General Information (data-only)","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/7t8x-u3ir","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-irf","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare-ltach#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-ltach","title":"CMS Care Compare — LTACH General Information (data-only)","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Care Compare — LTACH General Information (data-only) (CMS Care Compare — LTACH) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: Not a directory page; narrower buyer leverage than SNF/HH.\n\nLimitations:\n- Data-only treatment; not surfaced on a brand-hub page.\n- 317 facilities vs '~400' industry rounded count — gap is non-QRP-publishing facilities.\n- LTCH QRP quality measures deferred (companion dataset fp6g-2gsn).","cite":"CMS Care Compare — LTACH General Information (data-only) (CMS Care Compare — LTACH), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare-ltach. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/azum-44iv.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/azum-44iv","token_estimate":106,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare — LTACH General Information (data-only)","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/azum-44iv","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-ltach","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-care-compare-ltach#overview","dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-ltach","title":"CMS Care Compare — LTACH General Information (data-only)","section":"overview","text":"CMS Care Compare — LTACH General Information (data-only) (CMS Care Compare — LTACH) — U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\n\nData-only treatment: identity + ownership + bed count for 317 Medicare-certified Long-Term Care Hospitals. Care Compare LTACH IS the identity backbone (POS QIES PRVDR_CTGRY_CD=23 absent from the current snapshot). Quality measures live in companion dataset fp6g-2gsn — deferred. Against the ~400 LTACHs estimated nationally, the 317 PDC count reflects QRP-publishing facilities only.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Audit-pack export continuum-completeness for post-acute care continuum (acute hospitals → LTACH → IRF → SNF → HH → Hospice).\n\nTier: Tier 1 (research-only). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Quarterly aligned to LTCH QRP cycle. License: U.S. government public-domain works (17 U.S.C. § 105). Attribution: 'Source: CMS Care Compare · LTACH General Information (azum-44iv) · Snapshot {YYYY-MM-DD}'.","cite":"CMS Care Compare — LTACH General Information (data-only) (CMS Care Compare — LTACH), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-care-compare-ltach. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/azum-44iv.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/azum-44iv","token_estimate":236,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Care Compare — LTACH General Information (data-only)","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/azum-44iv","_dataset_id":"cms-care-compare-ltach","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-civil-money-penalties#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-cmp","title":"CMS Civil Money Penalties","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Civil Money Penalties (CMS Civil Money Penalties) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: A civil money penalty is a federal enforcement action against a facility — not a quality rating or a Fonteum judgment. The dataset is CCN-keyed and carries no provider NPI, so penalties never attach to an individual practitioner. A facility without a penalty record is not thereby asserted to be penalty-free in periods outside the snapshot window.\n\nLimitations:\n- CCN-keyed — there is no provider NPI; penalties are facility-level, never practitioner-level.\n- Snapshot window is 2023-2026; the dataset is not a full historical record of all penalties ever levied.\n- Aggregate-only on these pages — no facility is named on the /data or /sources surface.\n- A penalty is a federal enforcement action, not a Fonteum quality assessment of any facility.","cite":"CMS Civil Money Penalties (CMS Civil Money Penalties), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-civil-money-penalties. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/g6vv-u9sr.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/g6vv-u9sr","token_estimate":214,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Civil Money Penalties","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/g6vv-u9sr","_dataset_id":"cms-cmp","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-civil-money-penalties#overview","dataset_id":"cms-cmp","title":"CMS Civil Money Penalties","section":"overview","text":"CMS Civil Money Penalties (CMS Civil Money Penalties) — U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\n\nCivil money penalties (CMPs) and payment-denial actions CMS imposed on Medicare-certified facilities, keyed to the facility CMS Certification Number (CCN). Fonteum holds 16,277 penalty records across 6,884 distinct facilities, totalling $459,337,807 in fines and 2,513 payment-denial events over the 2023-2026 window.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Aggregate facility program-integrity research and the 'compromised-anywhere' enforcement signal. The /data and /sources pages report penalty-type, fine-total, and facility-count breakdowns only — no facility is named.\n\nTier: Tier 1 (research-only). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Quarterly — CMS republishes facility civil money penalties alongside the Care Compare release cycle; Fonteum re-pulls and attests each snapshot. License: U.S. government public-domain works (17 U.S.C. § 105). Federal enforcement records. Attribution required: 'Source: CMS Civil Money Penalties · Snapshot {YYYY-MM-DD}'.","cite":"CMS Civil Money Penalties (CMS Civil Money Penalties), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-civil-money-penalties. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/g6vv-u9sr.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/g6vv-u9sr","token_estimate":264,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Civil Money Penalties","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/g6vv-u9sr","_dataset_id":"cms-cmp","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-hcris-hospital-2552-10#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-hcris-hospital-2552-10","title":"CMS HCRIS Hospital Cost Reports (form CMS-2552-10)","section":"limitations","text":"CMS HCRIS Hospital Cost Reports (form CMS-2552-10) (CMS HCRIS Hospitals) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: Cost reports are self-reported financial filings under federal regulatory obligation. They are not audited statements (though CMS contractors review against benchmarks), not real-time, and not comparable across non-Medicare-certified facilities. A negative operating margin is a financial signal, not a quality measure or a recommendation against the facility.\n\nLimitations:\n- Annual, not real-time. The latest fiscal year published lags the calendar year by 9–14 months.\n- Self-reported by the facility under federal regulatory obligation; CMS reviews against benchmarks but reports are not independently audited.\n- Limited to Medicare-certified hospitals filing form 2552-10. Critical-access hospitals, SNF cost reports (2540-10), and home-health cost reports are filed under different forms and queue separately.\n- Cross-facility comparability requires careful attention to fiscal-year boundaries (some hospitals use Jan-Dec, others July-June, etc.); the Fonteum projection preserves both fiscal_year_begin + fiscal_year_end.\n- Cost-report fields are financial; they do not measure clinical quality. Margin and occupancy are operating-context signals only.","cite":"CMS HCRIS Hospital Cost Reports (form CMS-2552-10) (CMS HCRIS Hospitals), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-hcris-hospital-2552-10. Upstream: https://www.cms.gov/medicare/regulations-guidance/legislation/hospital-cost-report.","source_url":"https://www.cms.gov/medicare/regulations-guidance/legislation/hospital-cost-report","token_estimate":321,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS HCRIS Hospital Cost Reports (form CMS-2552-10)","_source_url":"https://www.cms.gov/medicare/regulations-guidance/legislation/hospital-cost-report","_dataset_id":"cms-hcris-hospital-2552-10","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-hcris-hospital-2552-10#overview","dataset_id":"cms-hcris-hospital-2552-10","title":"CMS HCRIS Hospital Cost Reports (form CMS-2552-10)","section":"overview","text":"CMS HCRIS Hospital Cost Reports (form CMS-2552-10) (CMS HCRIS Hospitals) — U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\n\nAnnual financial + operational filings every Medicare-certified hospital submits to CMS under the Healthcare Cost Report Information System (HCRIS). Form CMS-2552-10 carries ~600 line items per facility; the Fonteum projection persists 14 headline financial + operational fields (net patient revenue, operating + total margin, bad debt, charity care, beds, occupancy, cost-to-charge ratio, days cash on hand) keyed on CCN.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Tier-2 profile-enrichment for Medicare-certified hospitals. Headline fields render on hospital profile pages with full provenance (source · vintage · fiscal-year boundary). Powers the brand-hub Hospital Margin Gap analysis (Tier 1 #23) and the FHIR Organization.contained financial extensions (queued separately).\n\nTier: Tier 2 (profile enrichment). Status: live. Refresh cadence: Annual — CMS publishes the final fiscal-year archive ~Q4 of the year following the FY end. Fonteum ingests post-CY-filing-deadline in November. License: U.S. government public-domain works (17 U.S.C. § 105). Federal public record. Attribution required: 'Source: CMS HCRIS Hospital Cost Report · Fiscal Year {YYYY}'.","cite":"CMS HCRIS Hospital Cost Reports (form CMS-2552-10) (CMS HCRIS Hospitals), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-hcris-hospital-2552-10. Upstream: https://www.cms.gov/medicare/regulations-guidance/legislation/hospital-cost-report.","source_url":"https://www.cms.gov/medicare/regulations-guidance/legislation/hospital-cost-report","token_estimate":317,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS HCRIS Hospital Cost Reports (form CMS-2552-10)","_source_url":"https://www.cms.gov/medicare/regulations-guidance/legislation/hospital-cost-report","_dataset_id":"cms-hcris-hospital-2552-10","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-hospital-price-transparency#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-hospital-price-transparency","title":"CMS Hospital Price Transparency Enforcement","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Hospital Price Transparency Enforcement (CMS Price Transparency) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: This dataset records CMS enforcement actions — it does not contain the hospitals' actual machine-readable files (MRFs) or the price data itself. An action does not represent a finding of ongoing non-compliance; hospitals that completed corrective actions appear as 'Met Requirements'. Fonteum does not editorially rank hospitals based on enforcement history.\n\nLimitations:\n- Snapshot-based: the dataset reflects enforcement actions as published at each monthly CMS release; actions finalized after the snapshot date do not appear until the next pull.\n- Hospital identity is name + address string — no NPI or CCN in the raw CMS export. Cross-referencing to NPPES or Care Compare requires fuzzy matching.\n- A hospital with multiple review cycles appears multiple times with distinct Case_IDs; the same hospital may show both 'Warning Notice' and 'Met Requirements' actions in the same snapshot.\n- Enforcement actions are CMS determinations of regulatory compliance under 45 CFR § 180; they do not reflect clinical quality, financial health, or patient outcomes.","cite":"CMS Hospital Price Transparency Enforcement (CMS Price Transparency), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-hospital-price-transparency. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/hospitals-and-other-facilities/hospital-price-transparency-enforcement-activities-and-outcomes.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/hospitals-and-other-facilities/hospital-price-transparency-enforcement-activities-and-outcomes","token_estimate":295,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Hospital Price Transparency Enforcement","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/hospitals-and-other-facilities/hospital-price-transparency-enforcement-activities-and-outcomes","_dataset_id":"cms-hospital-price-transparency","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-hospital-price-transparency#overview","dataset_id":"cms-hospital-price-transparency","title":"CMS Hospital Price Transparency Enforcement","section":"overview","text":"CMS Hospital Price Transparency Enforcement (CMS Price Transparency) — Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).\n\nThe CMS Hospital Price Transparency Enforcement dataset records every enforcement action taken under 45 CFR § 180 (the Hospital Price Transparency rule, effective January 1, 2021). It covers all hospitals subject to the rule — general acute care, critical access, and specialty hospitals — and tracks the full enforcement arc from initial warning through corrective action plans, civil monetary penalties (CMPs), and final resolution. As of 2026, the dataset spans 11,440 enforcement actions across 4,988 unique hospital review cases.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Powers the /research/hospital-price-transparency-compliance-2026 flagship study and the /data/price-transparency dataset page. Enables per-state enforcement density analysis, CMP recipient identification, and compliance trend mapping.\n\nTier: Tier 2 (profile enrichment). Status: live. Refresh cadence: Monthly — CMS publishes updated enforcement data each month. Fonteum re-pulls on the 1st of each month. License: U.S. government public-domain works (17 U.S.C. § 105). Federal enforcement records. Attribution required: 'Source: CMS Hospital Price Transparency Enforcement · Snapshot {YYYY-MM-DD}'.","cite":"CMS Hospital Price Transparency Enforcement (CMS Price Transparency), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-hospital-price-transparency. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/hospitals-and-other-facilities/hospital-price-transparency-enforcement-activities-and-outcomes.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/hospitals-and-other-facilities/hospital-price-transparency-enforcement-activities-and-outcomes","token_estimate":319,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Hospital Price Transparency Enforcement","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/hospitals-and-other-facilities/hospital-price-transparency-enforcement-activities-and-outcomes","_dataset_id":"cms-hospital-price-transparency","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-market-saturation#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-market-saturation","title":"CMS Market Saturation & Utilization (State-County)","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Market Saturation & Utilization (State-County) (CMS Market Saturation) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: Market saturation describes the supply of providers in a geography — it is not a quality measurement, not a statement about any individual provider, and a high or low saturation value is not a Fonteum judgment about access or care in that area.\n\nLimitations:\n- Geography + service-type keyed — there is no individual provider NPI and no entity-graph linkage.\n- Tier-1 — area-level research context only; never rendered on individual provider profiles.\n- Market saturation is a supply signal, not a quality or access measurement.\n- CMS suppresses small cells; suppressed counts are stored as null, not zero.","cite":"CMS Market Saturation & Utilization (State-County) (CMS Market Saturation), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-market-saturation. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/summary-statistics-on-use-and-payments/program-integrity-market-saturation-by-type-of-service/market-saturation-utilization-state-county.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/summary-statistics-on-use-and-payments/program-integrity-market-saturation-by-type-of-service/market-saturation-utilization-state-county","token_estimate":183,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Market Saturation & Utilization (State-County)","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/summary-statistics-on-use-and-payments/program-integrity-market-saturation-by-type-of-service/market-saturation-utilization-state-county","_dataset_id":"cms-market-saturation","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-market-saturation#overview","dataset_id":"cms-market-saturation","title":"CMS Market Saturation & Utilization (State-County)","section":"overview","text":"CMS Market Saturation & Utilization (State-County) (CMS Market Saturation) — Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).\n\nThe CMS Market Saturation & Utilization (State-County) file is a program-integrity monitoring dataset. Per county, state, and nation, and per provider/supplier service type, it reports how saturated the local market is with Medicare-enrolled providers and how Medicare fee-for-service utilization is distributed, plus the CMS enrollment-moratorium flag for the geography. It is geography + service-type keyed — there is no individual provider NPI.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Tier-1 area-level context for /data and /research pages on provider supply and Medicare utilization by geography. Fonteum surfaces provider counts, beneficiary counts, average users per provider, and total payment per geography × service type, resolvable by FIPS.\n\nTier: Tier 1 (research-only). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Semiannual — CMS republishes the State-County file under a fresh release-dated path; Fonteum resolves the live CSV by the stable dataset UUID. License: U.S. government public-domain works. Free to use with attribution; explicit redistribution rights.","cite":"CMS Market Saturation & Utilization (State-County) (CMS Market Saturation), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-market-saturation. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/summary-statistics-on-use-and-payments/program-integrity-market-saturation-by-type-of-service/market-saturation-utilization-state-county.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/summary-statistics-on-use-and-payments/program-integrity-market-saturation-by-type-of-service/market-saturation-utilization-state-county","token_estimate":296,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Market Saturation & Utilization (State-County)","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/summary-statistics-on-use-and-payments/program-integrity-market-saturation-by-type-of-service/market-saturation-utilization-state-county","_dataset_id":"cms-market-saturation","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-medicare-physician-service#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-medicare-physician-service","title":"Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners — by Provider and Service","section":"limitations","text":"Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners — by Provider and Service (Medicare Physician & Service) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: Service volume and payment are Medicare fee-for-service utilization facts — they are not a measure of clinical quality, appropriateness, or outcomes, and a higher volume is not 'better.' Utilization is not a Fonteum assessment of the provider.\n\nLimitations:\n- Service volume and payment are utilization facts, not a quality, appropriateness, or outcome measure.\n- Annual cadence — the published data year lags the calendar year, and Fonteum holds the latest year only.\n- NPI-keyed, but the entity-graph cross-link is deferred — utilization does not render on individual provider profiles yet.\n- CMS suppresses low-volume cells; suppressed counts are stored as null, not zero.","cite":"Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners — by Provider and Service (Medicare Physician & Service), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-medicare-physician-service. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-summary-by-type-of-service/medicare-physician-other-practitioners/medicare-physician-other-practitioners-by-provider-and-service.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-summary-by-type-of-service/medicare-physician-other-practitioners/medicare-physician-other-practitioners-by-provider-and-service","token_estimate":206,"provenance":{"_source":"Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners — by Provider and Service","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-summary-by-type-of-service/medicare-physician-other-practitioners/medicare-physician-other-practitioners-by-provider-and-service","_dataset_id":"cms-medicare-physician-service","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"2013-01-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-medicare-physician-service#overview","dataset_id":"cms-medicare-physician-service","title":"Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners — by Provider and Service","section":"overview","text":"Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners — by Provider and Service (Medicare Physician & Service) — Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).\n\nThe Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners by Provider and Service public-use file is procedure-level: one row per rendering NPI × HCPCS code × place of service for a data year. It reports beneficiaries, services, submitted charges, and Medicare allowed/payment amounts. Fonteum currently holds the latest published data year.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Per-NPI procedure-level Medicare utilization and payment, available via the read API and the dataset page. The NPI -> entity-graph link is a separate, gated follow-up — this source writes no entity rows — so utilization does not yet render on individual provider profiles.\n\nTier: Tier 2 (profile enrichment). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Annual — CMS publishes one public-use file per data year; Fonteum resolves the live release-dated CSV by the stable catalog UUID. License: U.S. government public-domain works (17 U.S.C. § 105). Free to use with attribution.","cite":"Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners — by Provider and Service (Medicare Physician & Service), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-medicare-physician-service. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-summary-by-type-of-service/medicare-physician-other-practitioners/medicare-physician-other-practitioners-by-provider-and-service.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-summary-by-type-of-service/medicare-physician-other-practitioners/medicare-physician-other-practitioners-by-provider-and-service","token_estimate":268,"provenance":{"_source":"Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners — by Provider and Service","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-summary-by-type-of-service/medicare-physician-other-practitioners/medicare-physician-other-practitioners-by-provider-and-service","_dataset_id":"cms-medicare-physician-service","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"2013-01-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-mssp-aco#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-mssp-aco","title":"CMS Medicare Shared Savings Program ACO Participants","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Medicare Shared Savings Program ACO Participants (CMS MSSP ACO) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: MSSP participation is a value-based-care program enrollment record — it does not indicate provider quality, shared-savings performance, outcomes, or endorsement. The public file lists who participates, not how an ACO performed.\n\nLimitations:\n- The public CMS file carries no participant TIN or NPI (restricted to ResDAC); entity-graph linkage is name-keyed and deferred.\n- Participation is recorded per performance year — a participant may appear across multiple years.\n- MSSP participation is a program-enrollment fact, not a measure of shared-savings performance or quality.","cite":"CMS Medicare Shared Savings Program ACO Participants (CMS MSSP ACO), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-mssp-aco. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/medicare-shared-savings-program/accountable-care-organizations.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/medicare-shared-savings-program/accountable-care-organizations","token_estimate":174,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Medicare Shared Savings Program ACO Participants","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/medicare-shared-savings-program/accountable-care-organizations","_dataset_id":"cms-mssp-aco","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-mssp-aco#overview","dataset_id":"cms-mssp-aco","title":"CMS Medicare Shared Savings Program ACO Participants","section":"overview","text":"CMS Medicare Shared Savings Program ACO Participants (CMS MSSP ACO) — Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).\n\nThe CMS Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) publishes the Accountable Care Organization Participants file, identifying the legal business names participating in each ACO by performance year. As of the 2026-06-14 snapshot, Fonteum holds 15,329 participant records.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Surfaces ACO id, participant legal business name, and performance year on the dataset page and via the read API. The public CMS file carries no participant TIN or NPI (those are restricted to ResDAC), so entity-graph linkage is name-keyed and deferred — ambiguous matches are held.\n\nTier: Tier 2 (profile enrichment). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Annual — CMS publishes one Accountable Care Organization Participants file per performance year. License: U.S. government public-domain data. Free to use with attribution.","cite":"CMS Medicare Shared Savings Program ACO Participants (CMS MSSP ACO), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-mssp-aco. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/medicare-shared-savings-program/accountable-care-organizations.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/medicare-shared-savings-program/accountable-care-organizations","token_estimate":235,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Medicare Shared Savings Program ACO Participants","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/medicare-shared-savings-program/accountable-care-organizations","_dataset_id":"cms-mssp-aco","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-nh-deficiencies#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-nh-deficiencies","title":"CMS NH Health Deficiencies (per-citation)","section":"limitations","text":"CMS NH Health Deficiencies (per-citation) (CMS NH Deficiencies) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: Citation rate is NOT a facility-quality signal at state aggregate. The 9× SD-vs-NV state-survey-rigor disparity is the dominant signal — methodology MD frames this explicitly.\n\nLimitations:\n- 9× SD-vs-NV citation-rate disparity is a state-survey-system signal, not a facility-quality signal.\n- iQIES July 2025 migration changed legacy schema; pre/post-migration citations not directly comparable for some F-tags.\n- CMS February 2026 schema change removed complaint-allegation counts.\n- F-tag definitions changed for some categories (e.g., F689 falls expanded January 2017); time-series comparison requires explicit cohort flagging.","cite":"CMS NH Health Deficiencies (per-citation) (CMS NH Deficiencies), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-nh-deficiencies. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes","token_estimate":187,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS NH Health Deficiencies (per-citation)","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes","_dataset_id":"cms-nh-deficiencies","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-nh-deficiencies#overview","dataset_id":"cms-nh-deficiencies","title":"CMS NH Health Deficiencies (per-citation)","section":"overview","text":"CMS NH Health Deficiencies (per-citation) (CMS NH Deficiencies) — U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\n\n~419,400 individual deficiency citations across ~14,700 Medicare-certified nursing homes — each with scope (B–L) + severity letter, F-tag taxonomy, deficiency category, and Survey Event ID. NH Penalties dataset joins via Survey Event ID and exposes ~$480M in cumulative civil-money penalties.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Drives the brand-hub `/deficiencies` surface. Per-citation transparency layer; NH Penalties sub-join surfaces in audit-pack export only.\n\nTier: Tier 1 (research-only). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Quarterly (citation backlog ~6 months; iQIES July 2025 migration affected legacy schema; CMS February 2026 schema change removed complaint-allegation counts). License: U.S. government public-domain works (17 U.S.C. § 105). Attribution required: 'Source: CMS NH Health Deficiencies · Snapshot {YYYY-MM-DD}'.","cite":"CMS NH Health Deficiencies (per-citation) (CMS NH Deficiencies), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-nh-deficiencies. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes","token_estimate":237,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS NH Health Deficiencies (per-citation)","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes","_dataset_id":"cms-nh-deficiencies","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-nh-penalties#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-nh-penalties","title":"CMS NH Penalties (sub-join of Deficiencies)","section":"limitations","text":"CMS NH Penalties (sub-join of Deficiencies) (CMS NH Penalties) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: Not a standalone surface. Joins to Deficiencies via Survey Event ID; absent that join, raw penalty rows lack the citation context needed to interpret them.\n\nLimitations:\n- Some penalty entries are placeholders pending administrative adjudication.\n- Finalization lag 3–6 months behind Deficiencies publication.\n- Data-only sub-join — does not have a dedicated brand-hub page; joins to /deficiencies via Survey Event ID.","cite":"CMS NH Penalties (sub-join of Deficiencies) (CMS NH Penalties), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-nh-penalties. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes","token_estimate":133,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS NH Penalties (sub-join of Deficiencies)","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes","_dataset_id":"cms-nh-penalties","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-nh-penalties#overview","dataset_id":"cms-nh-penalties","title":"CMS NH Penalties (sub-join of Deficiencies)","section":"overview","text":"CMS NH Penalties (sub-join of Deficiencies) (CMS NH Penalties) — U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\n\nCivil-money penalties + denial-of-payment events; ~$480M cumulative. Sub-join of NH Health Deficiencies via Survey Event ID. Data-only treatment — surfaces in audit-pack export only; no dedicated brand-hub page.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Sub-join. Audit-pack export field for /deficiencies methodology-versioned customer exports.\n\nTier: Tier 1 (research-only). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Quarterly (trails Deficiencies 3–6 months for finalized penalty amounts). License: U.S. government public-domain works (17 U.S.C. § 105). Attribution required: 'Source: CMS NH Penalties · Snapshot {YYYY-MM-DD}'.","cite":"CMS NH Penalties (sub-join of Deficiencies) (CMS NH Penalties), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-nh-penalties. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes","token_estimate":181,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS NH Penalties (sub-join of Deficiencies)","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes","_dataset_id":"cms-nh-penalties","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-opt-out-affidavits#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-opt-out-affidavits","title":"CMS Opt Out Affidavits","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Opt Out Affidavits (CMS Opt Out) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: An opt-out affidavit is a Medicare enrollment election — the practitioner has chosen to privately contract rather than bill Medicare. It does not indicate quality, outcomes, or any disciplinary status, and it is not a Fonteum assessment of the provider.\n\nLimitations:\n- Opt-out status is a Medicare enrollment election, not a quality or disciplinary signal.\n- NPI is absent on older name-keyed affidavits; those rows are stored name-keyed and never with a fabricated NPI.\n- NPI-keyed where present, but the entity-graph cross-link is deferred — opt-out status does not render on individual provider profiles yet.\n- Snapshot-based: affidavits filed after the monthly snapshot do not appear until the next pull.","cite":"CMS Opt Out Affidavits (CMS Opt Out), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-opt-out-affidavits. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/opt-out-affidavits.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/opt-out-affidavits","token_estimate":200,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Opt Out Affidavits","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/opt-out-affidavits","_dataset_id":"cms-opt-out-affidavits","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-opt-out-affidavits#overview","dataset_id":"cms-opt-out-affidavits","title":"CMS Opt Out Affidavits","section":"overview","text":"CMS Opt Out Affidavits (CMS Opt Out) — Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).\n\nThe CMS Opt Out Affidavits file lists physicians and practitioners who have filed an affidavit opting out of Medicare under the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 §4507. Each row carries name, specialty, address, and opt-out effective/end dates. NPI is present where CMS published one; older affidavits are stored name-keyed, never with a fabricated NPI.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Per-practitioner Medicare opt-out status, available via the read API and the dataset page. The NPI -> entity-graph link is a separate, gated follow-up — this source stamps no entity_id — so opt-out status does not yet render on individual provider profiles.\n\nTier: Tier 2 (profile enrichment). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Monthly — CMS republishes the full current list under a fresh release-dated path; Fonteum resolves the live CSV by the stable dataset UUID. License: U.S. government public-domain works. Free to use with attribution; explicit redistribution rights.","cite":"CMS Opt Out Affidavits (CMS Opt Out), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-opt-out-affidavits. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/opt-out-affidavits.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/opt-out-affidavits","token_estimate":260,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Opt Out Affidavits","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/opt-out-affidavits","_dataset_id":"cms-opt-out-affidavits","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-order-referring#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-order-referring","title":"CMS Order and Referring","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Order and Referring (CMS Order & Referring) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: Order-and-refer eligibility is a Medicare administrative authorization — it does not indicate quality, outcomes, board certification, or appointment availability, and absence is not a negative quality signal. Eligibility is not a Fonteum assessment of the provider.\n\nLimitations:\n- Eligibility is a Medicare administrative flag, not a quality measurement.\n- NPI-keyed, but the entity-graph cross-link is deferred — eligibility does not render on individual provider profiles yet.\n- The file republishes roughly weekly; eligibility changes lag the live CSV by up to one publication cycle.\n- Absence from the file is not a negative signal — many providers are not order/refer-eligible by enrollment type.","cite":"CMS Order and Referring (CMS Order & Referring), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-order-referring. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/order-and-referring.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/order-and-referring","token_estimate":201,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Order and Referring","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/order-and-referring","_dataset_id":"cms-order-referring","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-order-referring#overview","dataset_id":"cms-order-referring","title":"CMS Order and Referring","section":"overview","text":"CMS Order and Referring (CMS Order & Referring) — Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).\n\nThe CMS Order and Referring file is the list of NPIs eligible to order and refer in Medicare, with a Y/N eligibility flag per benefit category (Part B, DME, Home Health, Power Mobility Devices, Hospice). One row per NPI, with last and first name. NPI is carried verbatim; the entity-graph cross-link is deferred.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Per-NPI Medicare order/refer eligibility, available via the read API and the dataset page. The NPI -> entity-graph link is a separate, gated follow-up — this source writes no entity rows — so eligibility does not yet render on individual provider profiles.\n\nTier: Tier 2 (profile enrichment). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Roughly weekly — CMS republishes the Order and Referring file under a release-dated path; Fonteum resolves the live CSV by the stable dataset UUID. License: U.S. government public-domain works. Free to use with attribution; explicit redistribution rights.","cite":"CMS Order and Referring (CMS Order & Referring), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-order-referring. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/order-and-referring.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/order-and-referring","token_estimate":256,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Order and Referring","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/order-and-referring","_dataset_id":"cms-order-referring","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-part-d-spending-by-drug#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-part-d-spending-by-drug","title":"CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug (CMS Part D Spending) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: Part D spending describes drug-level program cost — it is not a statement about any prescriber or provider, not a clinical recommendation, and a high-spend drug is not a Fonteum judgment about the drug or its manufacturer.\n\nLimitations:\n- Drug-keyed (brand + generic + manufacturer) — there is no provider NPI and no entity-graph linkage.\n- Tier-1 — aggregate research context only; never rendered on individual provider profiles.\n- Fonteum holds the latest published data year; the file lags the calendar year.\n- Spending is a program-cost fact, not a quality or appropriateness measure of the drug or manufacturer.","cite":"CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug (CMS Part D Spending), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-part-d-spending-by-drug. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/summary-statistics-on-use-and-payments/medicare-medicaid-spending-by-drug/medicare-part-d-spending-by-drug.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/summary-statistics-on-use-and-payments/medicare-medicaid-spending-by-drug/medicare-part-d-spending-by-drug","token_estimate":182,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/summary-statistics-on-use-and-payments/medicare-medicaid-spending-by-drug/medicare-part-d-spending-by-drug","_dataset_id":"cms-part-d-spending-by-drug","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-part-d-spending-by-drug#overview","dataset_id":"cms-part-d-spending-by-drug","title":"CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug","section":"overview","text":"CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug (CMS Part D Spending) — Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).\n\nThe CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug file reports per-drug Part D spending — total spend, claims, beneficiaries, dosage units, average spend, a high-spend outlier flag, and year-over-year change — by brand, generic, and manufacturer. It is drug-keyed and carries no provider identifier; the 'Overall' manufacturer row is the aggregate across all manufacturers of a drug.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Tier-1 drug-level Medicare Part D spending reference for /data and /research pages, keyed on brand × generic × manufacturer. The read API resolves on the brand name. There is no NPI and no entity-graph linkage.\n\nTier: Tier 1 (research-only). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Annual — CMS republishes the Part D Spending by Drug file under a fresh release-dated path; Fonteum resolves the live CSV by the stable dataset UUID. License: U.S. government public-domain works. Free to use with attribution; explicit redistribution rights.","cite":"CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug (CMS Part D Spending), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-part-d-spending-by-drug. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/summary-statistics-on-use-and-payments/medicare-medicaid-spending-by-drug/medicare-part-d-spending-by-drug.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/summary-statistics-on-use-and-payments/medicare-medicaid-spending-by-drug/medicare-part-d-spending-by-drug","token_estimate":262,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/summary-statistics-on-use-and-payments/medicare-medicaid-spending-by-drug/medicare-part-d-spending-by-drug","_dataset_id":"cms-part-d-spending-by-drug","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-pbj#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-pbj","title":"CMS Payroll-Based Journal (PBJ) Daily Nurse Staffing","section":"limitations","text":"CMS Payroll-Based Journal (PBJ) Daily Nurse Staffing (CMS PBJ) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: Not real-time. PBJ is payroll-derived from facility submissions, with quarterly publication. Not a quality measure — higher hours correlate with better outcomes but are not deterministic.\n\nLimitations:\n- Suppression for facilities reporting <90 days in a measure period — render `<DataAvailabilityState>` with explicit reason.\n- Census denominator is midnight-only; rapid intra-day census shifts not visible.\n- Federal 3.48 minimum rescinded December 3, 2025 (effective February 2, 2026); per-facility transparency now the only mechanism for staffing accountability.","cite":"CMS Payroll-Based Journal (PBJ) Daily Nurse Staffing (CMS PBJ), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-pbj. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes","token_estimate":170,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Payroll-Based Journal (PBJ) Daily Nurse Staffing","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes","_dataset_id":"cms-pbj","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-pbj#overview","dataset_id":"cms-pbj","title":"CMS Payroll-Based Journal (PBJ) Daily Nurse Staffing","section":"overview","text":"CMS Payroll-Based Journal (PBJ) Daily Nurse Staffing (CMS PBJ) — U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\n\nPBJ collects payroll-derived daily nurse-staffing hours for ~14,700 Medicare-certified nursing homes since 2016 (mandatory replacement for self-reported staffing surveys). RN, LPN, CNA hours per resident per day; weekend coverage; contract-staff share; midnight-census denominator. The federal 3.48 nurse-hour minimum was rescinded December 3, 2025; PBJ data continues to publish.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: Drives the brand-hub `/staffing` editorial surface. Per-facility daily-granularity nurse-staffing — the only CMS dataset that exposes this layer at facility resolution.\n\nTier: Tier 1 (research-only). Status: research-only. Refresh cadence: Quarterly (Q1/Q2/Q3/Q4 PBJ publication; daily-granularity per facility per day). License: U.S. government public-domain works (17 U.S.C. § 105). Attribution required: 'Source: CMS Payroll-Based Journal · Snapshot {YYYY-MM-DD}'.","cite":"CMS Payroll-Based Journal (PBJ) Daily Nurse Staffing (CMS PBJ), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-pbj. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes","token_estimate":247,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS Payroll-Based Journal (PBJ) Daily Nurse Staffing","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/topics/nursing-homes","_dataset_id":"cms-pbj","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":null,"_coverage_period_start":null,"_coverage_period_end":null,"_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-pecos#limitations","dataset_id":"cms-pecos","title":"CMS PECOS Medicare Provider Enrollment","section":"limitations","text":"CMS PECOS Medicare Provider Enrollment (CMS PECOS) — scope and limitations.\n\nWhat this source is not: Medicare enrollment records identify public CMS enrollment records; they do not indicate quality, outcomes, board certification, or appointment availability. Confirm Medicare assignment with the practice directly.\n\nLimitations:\n- PECOS reflects Medicare fee-for-service enrollment only — not Medicare Advantage panels or commercial-insurance contracts.\n- Providers can be high-quality and not enrolled in Medicare. Absence in PECOS is not a negative quality signal.\n- Providers can be enrolled with a temporarily-suspended billing status that the monthly snapshot does not reflect.\n- PAC ID and Enrollment ID are CMS-internal identifiers; Fonteum captures them to provenance for audit but never renders them on profile pages.","cite":"CMS PECOS Medicare Provider Enrollment (CMS PECOS), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-pecos. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/medicare-fee-for-service-public-provider-enrollment.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/medicare-fee-for-service-public-provider-enrollment","token_estimate":207,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS PECOS Medicare Provider Enrollment","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/medicare-fee-for-service-public-provider-enrollment","_dataset_id":"cms-pecos","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"1996-01-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}},{"chunk_id":"source:cms-pecos#overview","dataset_id":"cms-pecos","title":"CMS PECOS Medicare Provider Enrollment","section":"overview","text":"CMS PECOS Medicare Provider Enrollment (CMS PECOS) — U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\n\nCMS Provider Enrollment, Chain, and Ownership System (PECOS) publishes a monthly snapshot of providers actively enrolled in Medicare fee-for-service. A row in PECOS authorizes the provider to bill Medicare for the listed specialty + state.\n\nHow Fonteum uses it: We cross-reference NPPES-matched healthcare practices against PECOS to surface a Medicare-billing-active indicator on the profile, alongside the CMS provider type and enrollment state. The display module is gated to medical archetypes only.\n\nTier: Tier 2 (profile enrichment). Status: live. Refresh cadence: Monthly — CMS publishes a fresh PECOS Public Provider Enrollment file each month. License: U.S. government public-domain works (https://www.usa.gov/government-works). Free to use with attribution; explicit redistribution rights.","cite":"CMS PECOS Medicare Provider Enrollment (CMS PECOS), U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fonteum source registry: https://fonteum.com/sources/cms-pecos. Upstream: https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/medicare-fee-for-service-public-provider-enrollment.","source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/medicare-fee-for-service-public-provider-enrollment","token_estimate":226,"provenance":{"_source":"CMS PECOS Medicare Provider Enrollment","_source_url":"https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/medicare-provider-supplier-enrollment/medicare-fee-for-service-public-provider-enrollment","_dataset_id":"cms-pecos","_snapshot":"2026-06-14","_methodology":"rag-chunks/v1","_last_checked":"2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","_confidence":1,"_data_availability":["present"],"_pipeline_version":"854eacd","_doi":null,"_license":"US-Government-Works","_coverage_period_start":"1996-01-01","_coverage_period_end":"ongoing","_slsa_provenance_url":null}}]}